Test Web Application Using JUnit and Selenium

Before I illustrate the code of how to test the UI, let’s understand the core Selenium classes which are used most frequently to write test cases.

• org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver: The main interface to use for testing, which represents an idealised web browser. The methods in this class fall into three categories – Control of the browser itself, Selection of WebElements, Debugging aids
• org.openqa.selenium.WebElement: Represents an HTML element. Generally, all interesting operations to do with interacting with a page will be performed through this interface.
• org.openqa.selenium.By: Mechanism used to locate elements within a document.
  Hide   Shrink    Copy Code

  import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
  
  import org.junit.Before;
  import org.junit.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.By;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
  import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
  
  public class TestEndToEndPages {
  
   private WebDriver driver;
  
   @Before
   public void setUp() {
    // Create a new instance of the html unit driver
    driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
  
    //Navigate to desired web page
    driver.get("http://localhost:6060/WebApplication4Selenium");
   }
  
   @Test
   public void shouldBeAbleEnterUserNameAndClickSubmitToVerifyWelcomeMessage() 
   {
    // verify title of index page
    verifyTitle("Enter your name");
  
    //verify header of index page
    verifyHeaderMessage("Please enter your name");
  
    //enter user name as Allen
    enterUserName("Allen");
  
    //verify title of welcome page
    verifyTitle("Welcome");
  
    //verify header of welcome page
    verifyHeaderMessage("Welcome Allen!!!");
  
    //verify back link and click on it
    backToPreviousPage("go back");  
  
    //verify title of index page again to make sure link is working
    verifyTitle("Enter your name");
   }
  
   private void verifyTitle(String expectedTitle) {
    //get the title of the page
    String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
  
    // verify title
    assertThat(actualTitle, equalTo(expectedTitle));
   }
  
   private void verifyHeaderMessage(String expectedHeaderMessage) {
    // find header element
    WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName("h3"));
  
    String actualHeaderMessage = element.getText();
  
    // verify header text
    assertThat(actualHeaderMessage, equalTo(expectedHeaderMessage));
   }
  
   private void enterUserName(String userName) {
    // find the input text box
    WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("userName"));
  
    // set the user name in input text box
    element.sendKeys(userName);
  
    // submit form
    element.submit();
   }
  
   private void backToPreviousPage(String expectedLinkText) {
    // find the link by its id
    WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("back"));
  
    //get the actual link text
    String actualLinkText = element.getText(); 
  
    //verify link text with expected like text
    assertThat(actualLinkText, equalTo(expectedLinkText));
  
    // click the link
    element.click();
   }
  }

  Source Code of TestEndToEndPages.java

If you look closely at the comments in the above mentioned test class, you will be able to find how you can navigate to a page or how you can find an element to perform certain operations like get the text, set a value, trigger any event, etc.